Proto-Yigó: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 23:06, 11 July 2025

(For all reconstructed words from Proto-Yigó, see reconstructed Proto-Yigó words.)

Overview

Proto-Yigó is a reconstructed proto-language spoken on the main island of Yigó.

The Yigós language family tree

Phonology

(*Bold characters represent theorized phoneme placements.)

Consonants

	Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Plosive		t tʰ d dʰ		k kʰ g gʰ
Fricative	w₁ w₃	s z	y₁ y₃
Nasal		n
Tap/Flap		ɾ (r)
Liquid	(w₁) (w₂) (w₃)	l	y₁ y₂ y₃	w₁ w₂ w₃

Vowels

	Front	Back
Close	i i: (ī) y₂	u u: (ū) w₂
Mid	e e: (ē)	o o: (ō)
Open	æ (ae) æ: (āe) æ:: (âe)	a a: (ā) a:: (â)

Diphthongs

	Front	Back
Mid	ew (eu)	oj (oi)
Open	æw (au)	aj (ai)

Grammar

Word Order

The word order for Proto-Yigó was VSO for statements and probably SVO for questions.

Parts of Speech

Nouns

Proto-Yigó nouns were fairly regular. It had no case systems, declensions, or grammatical genders, and had very regular prefixes and suffixes to add meaning.

Adjectives, Adverbs, and other Modifiers

Adjectives in Proto-Yigó are placed after the noun they modify. These adjectives also work as adverbs for verbs.

Proto-Yigó had no articles, such as words words for "the" or "a/an". It did have a word for "this/that": *dʰerky₁a.

Verbs

Verbs in Proto-Yigó did not conjugate for the subject or object, but did conjugate for tense:

	Tense	Suffix	Use
Gnomic	*-nw₁iky₁a	Used for universal truths and habitual, imprecise actions.
Future	*-kʰol	Used for actions that are yet to take place.
Perfect Past	*-nw₁ey₃ae	Used for actions begun in the past that were completed.
Imperfect Past	*-dʰār	Used for actions begun in the past that have yet to be completed.
Perfect Present	*-gy₁onw₁a	Used for actions that occur in the moment; for immediate actions.
Imperfect Present	*-zāe	Used for actions begun in the present that have yet to be completed.

Conjunctions and Prepositions

Conjunctions and prepositions functioned nearly identically to those in English and other languages: conjunctions joined two words, phrases, or clauses; prepositions joined a prepositional phrase to a more primary clause.

Pronouns

Proto-Yigó had three persons for pronouns:

1st person	*enw₁a
2nd person	*w₂iky₁ae
3rd person	*ny₁āez

The prefix "*nāny₁a" was used for creating plural pronouns; a dual prefix, the numeral two (*zy₁osw₁ay₃ae), might have been used to create dual pronouns.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[Category:Yigós language family]]
 [[Category:Language]]
+[[Category:Proto-Language]]
+[[Category:Extinct Languages]]
+(For all reconstructed words from Proto-Yigó, see [[reconstructed Proto-Yigó words]].)
+== Overview ==
+'''Proto-Yigó''' is a reconstructed [[:Category:Proto-Language|proto-language]] spoken on the main island of [[Yigó]].
+[[File:Proto-Yigó.png|900px]]
+{{Short Description|The Yigós language family tree}}
+== Phonology ==
+(*Bold characters represent theorized phoneme placements.)
+=== Consonants ===
+{| class="wikitable" |}
+|
+! scope="col" | Bilabial
+! scope="col" | Alveolar
+! scope="col" | Palatal
+! scope="col" | Velar
+|-
+! scope="row" | Plosive
+|
+| t tʰ d dʰ
+|
+| k kʰ g gʰ
+|-
+! scope="row" | Fricative
+| '''w₁''' '''w₃'''
+| s z
+| '''y₁''' '''y₃'''
+|
+|-
+! scope="row" | Nasal
+|
+| n
+|
+|
+|-
+! scope="row" | Tap/Flap
+|
+| ɾ (r)
+|
+|
+|-
+! scope="row" | Liquid
+| '''(w₁)''' '''(w₂)''' '''(w₃)'''
+| l
+| '''y₁''' '''y₂''' '''y₃'''
+| '''w₁''' '''w₂''' '''w₃'''
+|}
+=== Vowels ===
+{| class="wikitable" |}
+|
+! scope="col" | Front
+! scope="col" | Back
+|-
+! scope="row" | Close
+| i i: (ī) '''y₂'''
+| u u: (ū) '''w₂'''
+|-
+! scope="row" | Mid
+| e e: (ē)
+| o o: (ō)
+|-
+! scope="row" | Open
+| æ (ae) æ: (āe) æ:: (âe)
+| a a: (ā) a:: (â)
+|}
+=== Diphthongs ===
+{| class="wikitable" |}
+|
+! scope="col" | Front
+! scope="col" | Back
+|-
+! scope="row" | Mid
+| ew (eu)
+| oj (oi)
+|-
+! scope="row" | Open
+| æw (au)
+| aj (ai)
+|}
+== Grammar ==
+=== Word Order ===
+The word order for '''Proto-Yigó''' was '''VSO''' for statements and probably '''SVO''' for questions.
+=== Parts of Speech ===
+==== Nouns ====
+'''Proto-Yigó''' nouns were fairly regular. It had no ''case systems'', ''declensions'', or ''grammatical genders'', and had very regular prefixes and suffixes to add meaning.
+==== Adjectives, Adverbs, and other Modifiers ====
+'''Adjectives''' in '''Proto-Yigó''' are placed after the noun they modify. These adjectives also work as ''adverbs'' for verbs.
+Proto-Yigó had no articles, such as words words for "the" or "a/an". It did have a word for "this/that": '''*dʰerky₁a'''.
+==== Verbs ====
-(For all reconstructed words from Proto-Yigó, see [[reconstructed Proto-Yigó words]].)
+'''Verbs''' in '''Proto-Yigó''' did not conjugate for the subject or object, but did conjugate for ''tense'':
+{| class="wikitable" |}
+|
+! scope="col" | Tense
+! scope="col" | Suffix
+! scope="col" | Use
+|-
+| | '''Gnomic''' || *-nw₁iky₁a || Used for universal truths and habitual, imprecise actions.
+|-
+| | '''Future''' || *-kʰol || Used for actions that are yet to take place.
+|-
+| | '''Perfect Past''' || *-nw₁ey₃ae || Used for actions begun in the past that were completed.
+|-
+| | '''Imperfect Past''' || *-dʰār || Used for actions begun in the past that have yet to be completed.
+|-
+| | '''Perfect Present''' || *-gy₁onw₁a || Used for actions that occur in the moment; for immediate actions.
+|-
+| | '''Imperfect Present''' || *-zāe || Used for actions begun in the present that have yet to be completed.
+|}
+==== Conjunctions and Prepositions ====
+Conjunctions and prepositions functioned nearly identically to those in English and other languages: conjunctions joined two words, phrases, or clauses; prepositions joined a prepositional phrase to a more primary clause.
+==== Pronouns ====
+'''Proto-Yigó''' had three persons for pronouns:
+{| class="wikitable|}
+|-
+| 1st person || *enw₁a
+|-
+| 2nd person || *w₂iky₁ae
+|-
+| 3rd person || *ny₁āez
+|}
+The prefix "*nāny₁a" was used for creating plural pronouns; a ''dual prefix'', the numeral two (*zy₁osw₁ay₃ae), might have been used to create dual pronouns.