This list contains all reconstructed words in Proto-Yigó, reconstructed from the earliest attested words in all languages.
Numbers
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Old Yéshvwae
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Krenu
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Азарюра-Гэруриза (Azaryura-Geruriza)
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| *sy₁unēgy₁a; "one"
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shunēj /ʃune:ʝ/
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siunige /sjunige/ > /ʃunijɛ/;
siun /sjun/ > /ʃun/ "a/an"
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сунега (sunyega) /sunjega/
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| *zy₁osw₁ay₃ae; "two"
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zhofyeh /ʒoɸjə/
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ziosue /zjoswe/ > /ʒɔzwɛ/
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зосажа (zosaja) /zosaʒa/
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| *nw₁āny₁irtʰ; "three"
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mangiltʰ /maŋiltʰ/
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nunirt /nuniɾt/ > /nuniɾt/
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нянирþ (nyanirth) /njaniɾθ/
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| *nolâegy₁e; "four"
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nolāeje /nolæ:ʝe/
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noligi /noligi/ > /nɔliji/
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нолягэ (nolyage) /noljage/
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| *gy₁ūzw₁a; "five"
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jūv /ʝu:β/
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giuzo /gjuzo/ > /juzɔ/
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гюза (gyuza) /gjuza/
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| *zy₁iny₂âe; "ten"
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zhinyāe /ʒinjæ:/
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zini /zini/ > /ʒini/
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зиня (zinya) /zinja/
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Pronouns and Important Morphemes
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Old Yéshvwae
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Krenu
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Азарюра-Гэруриза (Azaryura-Geruriza)
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| *enw₁a; "I/me"
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em /em/
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eno /eno/ > /ɛnɔ/
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эна (ena) /ena/
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| *w₂iky₁ae; "you"
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wiceh /wiçə/
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uike /wike/ > /wijɛ/
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вика (wika) /βika/
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| *ny₁āez; "he/him, she/her, they/them, it" (i.e. any singular 3rd person pronoun)
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ngaez /ŋæz/
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niz /niz/ > /niz/
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няз (nyaz) /njaz/
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| *dʰerky₁a; "this/that (demonstrative pronoun/article)"
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dʰelc /dʰelç/
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derke /deɾke/ > /dʒɛɾçe/
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ðэрка (dherka) /ðeɾka/
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| *nāny₁a; "many"
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nang /naŋ/; nan- (plural prefix)
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none /none/ > /nɔnɛ/; none- (plural prefix)
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наня (nanya) /nanja/
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| *gʰeus; "trio"
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gʰeus- /gʰews/ (trial prefix for superlatives)
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gus /gus/ > /gus/ (paucal adjective)
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gэус (gheus) /ɣews/ "group"
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| *nw₁āky₁a; (derivative suffix)
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mac /maç/
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nuke /nuke/ > /nujɛ/
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няка (nyaka) /njaka/
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| *kʰw₁e-; (negative prefix)
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pʰe- /pʰe/
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kue- /kwe/ > /kwɛ/
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хэ- (he-) /xe/
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| *sw₁ai; "question"
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fai /ɸaj/; fai- (interrogative prefix)
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sue /swe/ > /swɛ/
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саи (sai) /saj/ "question/to ask"
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| *-tany₃i; (diminutive suffix)
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-tangyi /taŋji/
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-tani /tani/ > /tani/
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-танжи (tanji) /tanʒi/
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| *-dʰy₁oin; (augmentative suffix)
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-zhoin /ʒojn/
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-din /din/ > /dʒin/
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-ðоин (dhoin) /ðojn/
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Tense Suffixes
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Old Yéshvwae
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Krenu
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Азарюра-Гэруриза (Azaryura-Geruriza)
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| *-nw₁iky₁a; (gnomic suffix)
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-mic /miç/
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-nuike /nwike/ > /nwijɛ/
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| *-kʰol; (future suffix)
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-kʰol /kʰol/
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-kol /kol/ > /kɔl/
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хол (hol) /xol/
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| *-nw₁ey₃ae; (perfect past suffix)
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-meyeh /mejə/
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-nui /nwi/ > /nwi/
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нэжа (neja) /neʒa/
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| *-dʰār; (imperfect past suffix)
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-dʰal /dʰal/
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ðяр (dhyar) /ðjaɾ/
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| *-gy₁onw₁a; (perfect present tense)
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-jom /ʝom/
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-giono /gjono/ > /jɔnɔ/
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гона (gona) /gona/
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| *-zāe; (imperfect present tense)
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-zae /zæ/
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зя (zya) /zja/
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Conjunctions and Prepositions
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Old Yéshvwae
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Krenu
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Азарюра-Гэруриза (Azaryura-Geruriza)
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| *dāgʰ; "and"
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dagʰ /dagʰ/
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dog /dog/ > /dɔg/
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дяg (dyagh) /djaɣ/
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| *noisw₃ī; "or"
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noifwī /nojɸwi:/
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nisui /niswi/ > /niswi/
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ноисбй (noisbyi) /nojsbji/
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| *zesy₁ol; "nor"
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zesiol /zesjol/ > /ʒɛʒɔl/
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зесол (zesol) /zesol/
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| *ty₂onâ; "to"
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tionu /tjonu/ > /tʃɔnu/
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-тёня (tyonya) /tjonja/ (nom. suffix)
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| *sotautʰ; "from"
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sotot /sotot/ > /sɔdɔt/
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-сотауþ (sotauth) /sotawθ/ (acc. suffix)
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| *tōgʰ; "except"
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tōgʰ /to:gʰ/
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tug /tug/ > /tug/
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тёg (tyogh) /tjoɣ/
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Colors
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Old Yéshvwae
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Krenu
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Азарюра-Гэруриза (Azaryura-Geruriza)
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| *sy₁īnlūky₁a; "white"
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shīmlūc /ʃi:mlu:ç/
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sinluke /sinluke/ > /ʃinluyɛ/
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сйнлюка (syinlyuka) /sjinljuka/
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| *kezny₁aw₂ō; "black"
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kezngwō /kezŋwo:/
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kezniu /keznju/ > /çɛznju/
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кэзнавё (keznavyo) /keznaβjo/
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| *zy₃aunw₁īs; "red"
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zhaumīs /ʒawmi:s/
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zionuis /zjonwis/ > /ʒɔnwis/
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зажаунйс (zajaunyis) /zaʒawnjis/
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| *gūtw₁aroiny₁āe; "orange"
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gūploingae /gu:plojŋæ/
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gutorini /gutoɾini/ > /gudɔɾini/
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гютароиня (gyutaroinya) /gjutaɾojnja/
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| *nw₁aisy₁atā; "yellow"
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maishta /majʃta/
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nueseto /nweseto/ > /nwɛzɛdɔ/
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наисатя (naisatya) /najsatja/
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| *gozēlny₁a; "green/blue"
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gozēlng /goze:lŋ/
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gozilne /gozilne/ > /gɔzilnɛ/
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гозелна (gozyelna) /gozjelna/
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| *gʰw₁arây₂ae; "indigo/violet"
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bʰlāyeh /bʰla:jə/
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gorugi /goɾwi/ > /gɔɾwi/
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gаряя (gharyaya) /ɣaɾjaja/
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| *sw₂itʰgʰaz; "pink"
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switʰgʰaz /switʰgʰaz/
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suitgaz /switgaz/ > /switgaz/
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свиþgаз (swithghaz) /sβiθɣaz/
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Body Parts
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Old Yéshvwae
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Krenu
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Азарюра-Гэруриза (Azaryura-Geruriza)
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| *dʰw₃āgʰy₁on; "body"
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bʰwajon /bʰwaʝon/
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dugion /dugjon/ > /dujɔn/ "corpse"
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ðабяgон (dhabyaghon) /ðabjaɣon/
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| *kakʰy₁eurō; "head"
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kaceulō /kaçewlo:/
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kakiuru /kakjuɾu/ > /kajuɾu/
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кахеурё (kaheuryo) /kaxewɾjo/
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| *dy₁ony₂erla; "torso"
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zhonyel /ʒonjel/
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dionirla /djoniɾla/ > /dʒɔniɾla/ "body"
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донерла (donyerla) /donjeɾla/
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| *ny₁âzenw₁a; "arm"
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ngāzem /ŋa:zem/
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niuzeno /njuzeno/ > /njuʒɛnɔ/
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нязэна (nyazena) /njazena/
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| *sungʰotw₃a; "leg"
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sungʰosh /sungʰoʃ/
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sungoto /sungoto/ > /sungɔdɔ/
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сунgота (sunghota) /sunɣota/
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| *kw₁ōrne; "eye"
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pōlne /po:lne/
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kurne /kuɾne/ > /kuɾnɛ/
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кёрнэ (kyorne) /kjoɾne/
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| *tēlârsw₁a; "ear"
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tēlālf /te:la:lɸ/
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tilurso /tiluɾso/ > /tʃiluɾsɔ/
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теляса (tyelyasa) /tjeljasa/
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| *kʰrenw₁ō; "mouth"
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kʰlemō /kʰlemo:/
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krenu /kɾenu/ > /kɾɛnu/ "mouth/language"
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хренё (hrenyo) /xɾenjo/
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| *y₃esy₁azw₃āe; "tongue"
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yeshvwae /jeʃβwæ/ "tongue/language"
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isezue /isezwe/ > /iʒɛzwɛ/
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жэсазавя (jesazabya) "tongue/language"
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| *kʰaunw₁ais; "hair"
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kʰaumais /kʰæwmajs/
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konues /konwes/ > /kɔnwɛs/
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хаунаис (haunais) /xæwnajs/
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| *ensozâ; "hand"
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ensozā /ensoza:/
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ensozu /ensozu/ > /ɛnzɔzu/
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энсозя (ensozya) /ensozja/;
энсозятанжи (ensozyatanji) /ensozjatanʒi/ "finger"
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| *nuw₂etʰāgʰ; "foot"
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nuwetʰagʰ /nuwetʰagʰ/
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nuetog /nwetog/ > /nwɛdɔg/
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нувэþяg (nuwethyagh) /nuβeθjaɣ/;
нувэþяgтанжи (nuwethyaghtanji) /nuβeθjaɣtanʒi/ "toe"
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| *sw₁ontʰois; "finger"
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fontʰois /ɸontʰojs/
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suntis /suntis/ > /suntʃis/
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| *irkadʰālid; "toe"
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ilkdʰalid /ilkdʰa:lid/
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irkadolid /iɾkadolid/ > /iɾkadɔlid/
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| *gʰy₂ūlsarn; "blood"
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gʰyūlsehln /gʰju:lsəln/
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giulsarn /gjulsaɾn/ > /julsaɾn/
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gюлсарн (ghyulsarn) /ɣjulsaɾn/;
gюлсарнðоин (ghyulsarndhoin) /ɣjulsaɾnðojn/ "to slaughter"
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| *argy₁īnw₁a; "wound"
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aljīm /alʝi:m/ "wound/scar"
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argino /aɾgino/ > /aɾjinɔ/
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аргйна (argyina) /aɾgjina/
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| *y₁usw₁ey₂a; "scar"
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|
iusui /juswi/ > /juzwi/
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усэва (useva) /useβa/
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| *kenw₁ēsy₁a; "bone"
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kemēsh /keme:ʃ/
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kenuise /kenwise/ > /çɛnwiʒɛ/
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кэнеса (kenyesa) /kenjesa/
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| *landʰenârks; "guts"
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lehndʰenālks /ləndʰena:lks/
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ланðеняркс (landhenyarks) /lanðenjaɾks/
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